The Avro Arrow was born out of the neccessity for the protection of Canada. During the height of the Cold War (1950's) era, the soviets had introduced new long range bombers, that were capable of flying over the North Pole to attack North America. This was a very serious threat as the continent lived in fear of a surprise nuclear attack. 
This plane role was to replace the Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck as a supersonic all weather interceptor.
Canada's then current fighter, the CF-100 Canuck, was a sub mach aircraft and not capable of filling this need so the design of the CF-105 Avro Arrow was implemented in 1953. Production was started and less then 4 years later, the Arrow was completed.
Roll out was October 4, 1957. First flight was March 25 1958.
A source of national pride, the Arrow incorporated advanced technical innovations and became a symbol of Canadian excellence.
One of the finest achievements in Canadian aviation history, the delta wing Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow was never allowed to fulfill its mission. The Arrow weapons platform along with the Iroquois engine was cancelled by the Conservative Diefenbaker government February 20, 1959, less then 3 weeks before the MK2 Arrow was to take flight.
Avro Arrow has been designed under RCAF Specification AIR 7-3 in April 1953.AIR 7-3 called specifically for:
- Crew of two (It was considered unlikely even a fully automated system would reduce workload enough to allow a lone crewman).
- Twin engines (no single engine then available could lift the fuel load needed for the long-range missions the RCAF demanded).
- Range of 300 NM (556 km) for a normal low-speed mission, and 200 NM (370 km) for a high-speed interception mission.
- Operation from a 6 000 ft (1 830 m) runway.
- Mach 1.5 cruising speed at an altitude of 50 000 ft (15 000 m).
- Manoeuvrability (2 g turns with no loss of speed or altitude at Mach 1.5 and 50 000 ft).
- The time from a signal to start the engines to the aircraft's reaching 50 000 ft and Mach 1.5 to be less than 5 min.
- Turn-around time on the ground was to be less than 10 min.
An RCAF team led by Ray Foottit visited U.S. aircraft producers and surveyed British and French manufacturers before concluding that no existing or planned aircraft could fulfill these requirements.
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Length: 77 ft 9 in (23.71 m)
- Wingspan: 50 ft 0 in (15.24 m)
- Height: 20 ft 6 in (6.25 m)
- Wing area: 1,225 ft² (113.8 m²)
- Airfoil: NACA 0003.5 mod root, NACA 0003.8 tip
- Empty weight: 49,040 lb (22,245 kg)
- Loaded weight: 56,920 lb (25,820 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 68,605 lb (31,120 kg)
- Powerplant: 2× Pratt & Whitney J75-P-3 turbojets
- Dry thrust: 12,500 lbf (55.6 kN) each
- Thrust with afterburner: 23,500 lbf (104.53 kN) each
- Maximum speed: Mach 1.96 was recorded during test flights but a Mach 2+ potential was possible[29][33] (1,307 mph, 2,104 km/h) at 50,000 ft (15,000 m)
- Cruise speed: Mach 0.91 (607 mph, 977 km/h) at 36,000 ft (11,000 m)
- Range: 360 NM (410 mi, 660 km)
- Service ceiling: 53,000 ft (16,150 m)
- Wing loading: 46.5 lb/ft² (226.9 kg/m²)
- Thrust/weight: 0.825 loaded weight
Armament
- Rockets: 1-4× AIR-2 Genie unguided nuclear rockets
- Missiles: 8× AIM-4 Falcon, Canadair Velvet Glove (cancelled 1956), 2 AIM-7 Sparrow II 2D active guidance missiles (cancelled)
Avionics
- Hughes MX-1179 fire control system
Source : http://www.avroarrow.org & wikipedia
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